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Racism, also known as racial discrimination, is the belief that one race or ethnic group is superior or inferior to others. It involves prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against individuals or groups based on their race or ethnicity.

Racism can manifest in various forms, such as institutional racism, where discriminatory practices are embedded in societal institutions, or interpersonal racism, which involves biased attitudes and actions by individuals towards others. It can also be expressed through hate crimes, stereotypes, or exclusionary policies.

The consequences of racism are far-reaching and can affect individuals, communities, and societies as a whole. It leads to marginalization, unequal access to opportunities, and social inequalities. Racism also perpetuates stereotypes and creates divisions between different racial or ethnic groups, fostering hostility and conflict.

Efforts to combat racism include promoting equality, diversity, and inclusion. Education and awareness campaigns play a crucial role in challenging prejudiced attitudes and promoting tolerance and acceptance. Legislation and policies also aim to address discrimination and promote equal rights for all individuals.

It is important to note that racism is a deeply ingrained social issue that persists in many societies worldwide. Continuous efforts are required to address and eradicate racism in order to build a more equitable and inclusive society.